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The Insect: Asian Citrus Psyllid

The Asian Citrus Psyllid - Diaphorina Citri Kuwayama

The psyllid can carry one of the most devastating citrus diseases in the world. Consumers play a critical role in inspection. The insect:

  • Feeds on citrus leaves and stems.
  • Has been found as close as Tijuana, Mexico.
  • Poses a huge threat to citrus trees in California.

What is the Asian Citrus Psyllid?

The Asian Citrus Psyllid is an aphid-like insect that feeds on the leaves and stems of citrus trees and other citrus-like plants – but the real danger lies in that it can be a carrier of a deadly, bacterial tree disease called Huanglongbing (HLB) , also known as Citrus Greening Disease.

Where has the insect been found?

The disease-carrying Asian Citrus Psyllid has already caused devastation in Asia, India, parts of the Middle East, and South and Central America. Now the psyllid has been found in Mexico, Hawaii, Texas, Louisiana, Georgia, Alabama, South Carolina, Florida and – most recently – southern California.  

In June 2008, the psyllid was spotted dangerously close to California – right across the international border in Tijuana, Mexico. Only a few months later, it was detected in San Diego and Imperial counties. The Asian Citrus Psyllid has also been intercepted coming into California in packages of fruit and plants, including citrus, ornamentals, herbs and bouquets of cut flowers, shipped from other states and countries.

sticky cardYellow sticky cards can be hung in or around citrus trees to capture flying adult psyllids. This is an important way to monitor for the presence of the insect.








What is being done to stop the insect?

The California Department of Food and Agriculture has issued a state interior quarantine in areas where the psyllid has been found, and is applying treatments to control the infestation.  County agricultural commissioners, CDFA and USDA, along with industry groups such as the Citrus Research Board, are working together on increased surveying and trapping. Additionally, the California Citrus Research Board is setting up new diagnostic laboratories at several locations in the state to enable mass testing of psyllids and plant material for the disease.

Inspection of cargo at international ports, state lines, airports and mail-sorting facilities has been ramped up to intercept the insect. But don’t forget that consumers play a critical role in helping protect our state from the psyllid and HLB. Live plants or plant parts should never be transported from other states, and people should inspect their citrus trees often.

Image of a man inspecting floral bouquets for psyllid-infested orange jasmine that have been intercepted coming into California from Mexico.Floral bouquets containing psyllid-infested orange jasmine have been intercepted coming into California from Mexico.








How could the Asian Citrus Psyllid further spread in our state?

The Asian Citrus Psyllid could spread throughout the state by the transportation of infested plants or plant parts.  To curb this, a quarantine has been implemented.

The disease-carrying Asian Citrus Psyllid could spread throughout the state on citrus plants and close relatives of citrus – such as orange jasmine or Indian curry leaves – that arrive in airplanes, ships, trucks, cars or mail. Distribution of orange jasmine plants by retail nurseries was the main method of movement of the Asian Citrus Psyllid throughout Florida. Floral bouquets containing psyllid-infested orange jasmine have been intercepted coming into California from Mexico.

Additionally, the psyllid could fly northward from southern California and gradually spread throughout the state.

What types of plants can the psyllid ride on?

Orange Jasmine image, which is a relative of citrus and can be a carrier of the psyllid
Orange jasmine is a relative of citrus and can be a carrier of the disease-carrying psyllid.

In Florida, orange jasmine is a common backyard plant that produces lots of new leaves on which the psyllid can grow. Movement of infested plants around the state spread the psyllid throughout Florida in three years.

Curry Leaves image, which can be a carrier of Huanglongbing (HLB)
Curry leaves – which can be a carrier of the psyllid - have carried the insect from Hawaii to California. To date, the psyllids have been intercepted and destroyed.

Infested plants or plant parts may also unknowingly be transported by homeowners or businesses. The Indian curry leaf grower in Hawaii did not know these leaves were infested with Asian citrus psyllids. The leaves were shipped to California for culinary purposes and luckily the psyllids were found at the airport and destroyed.

Map image
USDA Map where Asian citrus psyllids have been found in California and quarantine area
 
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